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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 233-244, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774511

ABSTRACT

Abstract The morphology and anatomy of the flower of Dalechampia alata, as well as the chemical nature of the exudates secreted in the inflorescence were studied using light microscope. This is the first report showing the presence of colleters in the genus Dalechampia. In the staminate flower occur a group of small secretory glands. The histochemical results indicate that the substance secreted from the glands is lipidic and resinuous in nature, while in the colleters it consists of polysaccharides and lipid-rich substances. The ovule of D. alata are anatropous, subglobose and bitegmic. It presents obturator, micropyle occluded by nucellar beak and meristematic activity in the ovary wall. The secretion produced in the stigmatic and transmitting tissue consists of polysaccharides.


Resumo A morfologia e anatomia das flores de Dalechampia alata, bem como a natureza química dos exsudatos secretados na inflorescência foram analisadas utilizando microscopia de luz. Este é o primeiro relato de coléteres para o gênero Dalechampia. Um grupo de pequenas glândulas secretoras ocorre nas flores estaminadas. Os resultados dos testes histoquímicos indicam que a substância secretada pelas glândulas apresenta natureza lipídica e resinosa, enquanto nos coléteres a secreção é constituída de polissacarídeos e lipídeos. O ovulo de D. alata é anátropo, subgloboso e bitegumentado. A presença de obturador, projeção do tecido nucelar pela micrópila e atividade meristemática na parede do ovário foram relatadas. A secreção do estigma e do tecido transmissor é constituída de polissacarídeos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Euphorbiaceae/anatomy & histology , Euphorbiaceae/chemistry , Inflorescence/anatomy & histology , Inflorescence/chemistry
2.
Acta biol. colomb ; 15(1): 167-178, abr. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634940

ABSTRACT

La pudrición del cogollo (PC) es la principal enfermedad de la palma en Colombia. En las zonas palmeras Central (ZC) y Oriental (ZOR), las palmas enfermas pueden recuperarse naturalmente. En la Zona Occidental (ZOCC) el proceso de recuperación no es evidente. La recuperación de palmas está ligada a gran actividad meristemática que podría involucrar la acción de metabolitos como las poliaminas (PA). Este trabajo muestra la relación entre el contenido de poliaminas en el meristemo y la capacidad de recuperación de palmas con PC, en dos zonas agroclimáticas diferentes. Poliaminas extraídas del meristemo de palmas en ZC y ZOCC, fueron analizadas por HPLC. En ZC, donde existe recuperación espontánea, los niveles más altos de PA se presentan en palmas sanas y en recuperación y a medida que avanza la enfermedad la concentración desciende hasta un mínimo en el estado de PC inicial. Luego la concentración de PA aumenta hasta el estado de Buena Recuperación donde los valores de poliaminas son más altos que los de palmas sanas. En la ZOCC , el contenido de PA aumenta con la enfermedad llegando al máximo en plantas sin recuperación y el mínimo en plantas sanas. Las diferencias entre zonas pueden explicarse por los diferentes roles de las poliaminas en plantas. En la ZC la cantidad elevada de PA en palmas sanas o en recuperación funcionaría en la inducción de actividad meristemática, para la recuperación espontánea. En la ZOCC el aumento en el contenido de PA con la enfermedad puede estar relacionado con la producción de especies reactivas de oxigeno para defensa secundaria contra patógenos. A diferencia de lo observado en ZC , las plantas en ZOCC no pueden producir estructuras sanas que no sean re infectadas, por lo tanto los elevados contenidos de PA no están relacionados con la promoción de la actividad meristemática.


Bud Rot complex (BR) is the major disease of oil palm in Colombia . In the Central (ZC) and Eastern (ZE) oil palm regions, palms affected by BR are able to naturally recover. In the Western Region (ZW) the recovery process is not evident. Recovery of the palms is linked to high meristem activity, which could involve the promoting action of plant growth regulators such as polyamines (PA). This study shows the relationship between polyamine content and the capacity of palms to recover from BR in two regions with different agroclimatic conditions. Polyamines extracted from palms planted on ZC and ZW were analyzed by HPLC. On ZC where spontaneous recovery is present, the highest values were measured on healthy and recovery palms and with the progression of the disease, PA concentration decreased reaching a minimum point in the initial BR stage. From this point, PA concentration gradually increased until the Good Recovery stage in which PA values where higher than those found on healthy palms. In ZW , PA content increased with the disease, reaching the highest value in the affected palms without recovery, with the lowest values measured on healthy palms. The differences between regions might be related to the different roles polyamines play on plants. In ZC the increased amount of PA in healthy palms or in palms under recovery could have a major role in meristem activity induction, required for the spontaneous recovery. In the ZW, the increased of PA content with the disease could be related to the production of reactive oxygen species as a plant secondary defense mechanism due to the impossibility for the plants to, through the increment on meristem activity as the observed in the Central region, produce healthy structures which are not re-infected.

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